A Tragic Life
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Benedict Arnold Engraving by H. B.
Hall, 1879 |
There is no purpose here of attempting to condone the culpability
of General Benedict Arnold, a Revolutionary soldier of the Westcott
blood. However, evidence found in recent years throws a new light
on his tragic life.
His Westcott ancestry reverts to Damaris Westcott, eldest daughter
of Stukely, the Founder. Her husband was the first Benedict Arnold
of Rhode Island. Their son, 3-Benedict m-Mar. 9, 1670-1, Mary
Turner. Their son, 4-Benedict m-Jan. 3, 1705, Patience Coggeshall.
Their son, 5-Benedict m-Nov. 8, 1733, Hannah Lathrop (King).
Their son, 5-Gen. Benedict Arnold m. (1)-Feb. 27, 1767, Margaret
Mansfield, who d-1775, m (2)-Apr. 8, 1779, Margaret (“Peggy”)
Shippen..
Discovery of old letters of Sir Henry Clinton, an almost unknown
diary of Aaron Burr, and “Peggy’ Shippen’s
own letters, some of them in code to Major Andre, “furnished
testimony,” writes E. Irvene Haines in the New York Times
Magazine of Jan. 31, 1932, “too damning for ‘Peggy’ to
controvert were she alive and on trial?’
“If we read,” continues Mr. Haines, “the story
of the Revolution’s greatest personal tragedy in the light
of what we know now, it becomes a drama of ambitious femininity
unique in American annals. It was not the game-legged, hot-tempered,
disgruntled hero of Quebec and Saratoga, but the ambitious Tory
girl, the spy, the tool of Clinton, who schemed so cleverly that
she deceived such astute politicians as John Hancock, John Adams,
Alexander Hamilton, and even Washington himself.”
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Peggy (Shippen) Arnold and child
Painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence
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“It was Clinton, acting on the suggestion of Lord George
Germain, the British Colonial Secretary, who conceived the conspiracy,
but it was ‘Peggy’ Shippen, with a skill and effrontery
amazing in one so young, who carried it out.”
Peggy Shippen, b-1760, was the daughter of Judge Edward Shippen,
a wealthy Quaker merchant of Philadelphia, strongly pro-British
and a power to be reckoned with. “From childhood,” Mr.
Haines writes, “she had been reared in an atmosphere of
luxury and taught to adore British uniforms and manners.”
In May, 1777, when a mere child of seventeen years, she met
Major John Andre. She perhaps flirted with Andre. They were still
exchanging letters when, in June, 1778, the Continentals took
possession of her home city, Philadelphia, and there came along
its Military Governor, Gen. Arnold. She made a friend of the
susceptible and jealous Arnold, now a widower of three years.
In April, 1779, they were married “to the amazement of
all Philadelphia, and that same month Clinton learned that Arnold
was for sale.” The remainder of the tragedy is history.
In “Vermont, Once No Man’s Land,” by the late
Merritt C. Barden of West Pawlet, Vt., the author shows a picture
of the only marker to Gen. Arnold—and his name does not
appear upon it. This monument stands on the old Freeman farm,
Saratoga battlefield at Bemis Heights, and shows an empty boot.
(Some vandal has broken off the toe of the boot.) Mr. Barden
writes:
“With wounded leg and horse killed, he (Arnold) led his
men bravely into the thickest of the fight and won the battle
that decided the destiny of the U. S. A., while General Gates
lay behind a wooded hill, out of danger.”
“Washington knew that if any man could win the battle,
it was Arnold, and said so. Washington sent Arnold and he won—one
of the bravest men of the Revolutionary War. But through the
jealousy of Gen. Gates, who got all the honor, and the Tory wife
of Arnold, he became a disheartened traitor. Can we blame him?
But we can forgive him who was officially abused from first to
last, and his statue should stand in the vacant alcove in the
monument facing the South and the battlegrounds of Bemis Heights.
For it was Benedict Arnold who won that bathe and decided our
fate.”
When Arnold died in London twenty odd years later, it is said
that his last request was that the epaulettes and sword-knot
which Washington had given him, might be brought. “Let
me die,” he asked, “in my old American uniform, in
which I fought my battles. God forgive me for ever having put
on any other.” (See Pt. II, p. 129.)
(Those who are interested in further studying the tragedy in
the life of Gen. Arnold, should read the article “The Fatal
Web Spun by Peggy Shippen,” by E. Irvine Haines, which
appeared in the New York Times Magazine, Dec. 4, 1932.)
Source:
History and Genealogy of the Ancestors and Some Descendants
of Stukely Westcott, One of the Thirteen Original Proprietors
of Providence Plantation and the Colony of Rhode Island with
Especial Mention of The Westcotts of Cheshire, Berkshire County,
Massachusetts and the Westcotts of Milford, Otsego County,
New
York and Some of the Allied Families, Incorporating, and Extending,
the Research of the late Hon. J. Russell Bullock of Bristol,
R. I. by Roscoe L. Whitman, 1932, pages 405-406
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